Active & Passive Voice
1. Active Voice
Definition: In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action.
Structure: Subject + Verb + Object
- Ram (subject) eats (verb) an apple (object).
- The teacher teaches the students.
- She will complete the project tomorrow.
✅ Key point: The focus is on who is doing the action.
2. Passive Voice
Definition: In passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject. The action is done to the subject.
Structure: Object (from active sentence) + form of “to be” + past participle of verb + (by Subject)
- An apple is eaten by Ram.
- The students are taught by the teacher.
- The project will be completed by her tomorrow.
✅ Key point: The focus is on the action itself or who is affected by it, not who does it.
3. Rules to Convert Active → Passive
- Make the object of active sentence the subject in passive.
Active: The cat chased the mouse.
Passive: The mouse was chased by the cat. - Change the verb to a form of “be” + past participle.
Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her. - The subject of active sentence can be omitted in passive if unknown or unimportant.
Active: Someone stole my bag.
Passive: My bag was stolen.
4. Verb Changes by Tense
Tense | Active | Passive (Object + be + past participle) | Example |
---|---|---|---|
Present Simple | S + V1 + O | O + is/are + V3 (+ by S) | She writes a letter → A letter is written by her |
Past Simple | S + V2 + O | O + was/were + V3 (+ by S) | She wrote a letter → A letter was written by her |
Future Simple | S + will + V1 + O | O + will be + V3 (+ by S) | She will write a letter → A letter will be written by her |
Present Continuous | S + is/are + V-ing + O | O + is/are being + V3 (+ by S) | She is writing a letter → A letter is being written by her |
Past Continuous | S + was/were + V-ing + O | O + was/were being + V3 (+ by S) | She was writing a letter → A letter was being written by her |
Present Perfect | S + has/have + V3 + O | O + has/have been + V3 (+ by S) | She has written a letter → A letter has been written by her |
Past Perfect | S + had + V3 + O | O + had been + V3 (+ by S) | She had written a letter → A letter had been written by her |
Future Perfect | S + will have + V3 + O | O + will have been + V3 (+ by S) | She will have written a letter → A letter will have been written by her |
5. Pronoun Changes
When converting active → passive, pronouns change if they move positions:
Active Subject | Passive Agent |
---|---|
I | me |
We | us |
He | him |
She | her |
They | them |
You | you |
Example:
Active: He helps me.
Passive: I am helped by him.
6. Modals in Active → Passive
Active | Passive |
---|---|
She can do the work. | The work can be done by her. |
They must finish the project. | The project must be finished by them. |
He should help his friend. | His friend should be helped by him. |
7. Negative Sentences
- Active: She does not write a letter.
Passive: A letter is not written by her. - Active: They will not complete the work.
Passive: The work will not be completed by them.
8. Questions (Yes/No)
- Active: Does she write a letter?
Passive: Is a letter written by her? - Active: Will they finish the work?
Passive: Will the work be finished by them?
9. Wh-Questions
- Active: Who wrote the book?
Passive: By whom was the book written? - Active: What did she say?
Passive: What was said by her? - Active: When will they announce the result?
Passive: When will the result be announced by them?
10. Imperatives
- Active: Close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed. - Active: Do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done.
11. Special Notes
- No Object → Cannot be Passive
Active: He sleeps. → Cannot convert (no object) - Two Objects
Active: She gave me a book.
Passive 1: I was given a book by her.
Passive 2: A book was given to me by her. - Reporting Verbs / Statements
Active: She said, “I am tired.”
Passive: It was said by her that she was tired.
MCQ Active and Passive Voice- General English
Q1. Choose the correct passive form:
"Ramesh writes a letter."
Q2. Identify the active voice sentence:
Q3. Convert to passive:
"They are painting the house."
Q4. Choose the correct passive form:
"She will complete the project tomorrow."
Q5. Identify the passive voice sentence:
Q6. Convert to passive:
"Someone stole my wallet."
Q7. Identify the active voice:
Q8. Choose the correct passive form:
"The chef cooked a delicious meal."
Q9. Convert to passive:
"They will announce the results tomorrow."
Q10. Choose the active voice:
Q11. Passive of:
"The teacher is explaining the lesson."
Q12. Convert to passive:
"Ali has completed the assignment."
Q13. Identify passive voice:
Q14. Convert to passive:
"People speak English all over the world."
Q15. Active voice sentence:
Q16. Passive of:
"Children are making a kite."
Q17. Convert to passive:
"He had finished the work before noon."
Q18. Passive form:
"Someone is repairing the car."
Q19. Choose active voice:
Q20. Passive voice:
"She will send the invitation tomorrow."
Q21. Active sentence:
Q22. Passive of:
"People have built many bridges in this city."
Q23. Choose the correct passive:
"They are planting trees in the garden."
Q24. Active sentence:
Q25. Convert to passive:
"The company will launch a new product next month."
Q26. Convert to passive:
"She teaches English to the students."
Q27. Identify the active voice:
Q28. Passive form of:
"They had completed the project before the deadline."
Q29. Convert to passive:
"The gardener waters the plants every morning."
Q30. Identify the passive voice:
Q31. Convert to passive:
"Ali is painting the wall."
Q32. Active voice sentence:
Q33. Passive form:
"They have built a new bridge."
Q34. Convert to passive:
"She will write a letter tomorrow."
Q35. Identify active voice:
Q36. Convert to passive:
"People speak French in many countries."
Q37. Passive voice sentence:
Q38. Convert to passive:
"They are organizing a seminar."
Q39. Identify the active voice:
Q40. Passive form of:
"The chef prepared a delicious meal."
Q41. Convert to passive:
"She has written a novel."
Q42. Active voice sentence:
Q43. Passive form:
"They are delivering the parcels."
Q44. Convert to passive:
"Someone has stolen my bicycle."
Q45. Identify active voice:
Q46. Passive of:
"They will announce the results next week."
Q47. Convert to passive:
"He is painting a beautiful picture."
Q48. Active voice sentence:
Q49. Passive form:
"They have repaired the roads in the city."
Q50. Convert to passive:
"The police caught the thief yesterday."
Q51. Convert to passive:
"She cleans the house every day."
Q52. Identify the active voice:
Q53. Passive form of:
"They had completed the construction before winter."
Q54. Convert to passive:
"The gardener waters the plants."
Q55. Identify passive voice:
Q56. Convert to passive:
"They are repairing the road."
Q57. Active voice sentence:
Q58. Passive form:
"They have completed the work on time."
Q59. Convert to passive:
"She will prepare the presentation."
Q60. Identify active voice:
Q61. Passive form:
"People speak Hindi in India."
Q62. Convert to passive:
"He repaired the car yesterday."
Q63. Active voice sentence:
Q64. Passive of:
"They are building a new school."
Q65. Convert to passive:
"She has painted the walls."
Q66. Active voice sentence:
Q67. Passive form:
"They will complete the project soon."
Q68. Convert to passive:
"She is writing a letter."
Q69. Identify active voice:
Q70. Passive form:
"The chef is cooking a delicious meal."
Q71. Convert to passive:
"They have delivered the parcels."
Q72. Active voice sentence:
Q73. Passive form:
"They are organizing a conference."
Q74. Convert to passive:
"He has sent the invitation."
Q75. Identify active voice:
Q76. Convert to passive:
"She teaches mathematics to the students."
Q77. Identify active voice:
Q78. Passive form of:
"They had completed the painting before evening."
Q79. Convert to passive:
"The gardener waters the plants every morning."
Q80. Identify passive voice:
Q81. Convert to passive:
"They are repairing the road."
Q82. Active voice sentence:
Q83. Passive form:
"They have repaired the roads."
Q84. Convert to passive:
"She will write a report."
Q85. Identify active voice:
Q86. Passive form:
"They had built a new house."
Q87. Convert to passive:
"He is painting a beautiful picture."
Q88. Active voice sentence:
Q89. Passive form:
"They are delivering the letters."
Q90. Convert to passive:
"Someone has stolen my bag."
Q91. Identify active voice:
Q92. Passive form:
"The chef is cooking a meal."
Q93. Convert to passive:
"They have delivered the packages."
Q94. Active voice sentence:
Q95. Passive form:
"They are organizing a workshop."
Q96. Convert to passive:
"He has sent the email."
Q97. Identify active voice:
Q98. Passive form:
"They have repaired the roads in the city."
Q99. Convert to passive:
"The police caught the thief yesterday."
Q100. Active voice sentence:
Q101. Convert to passive:
"She writes a letter every day."
Q102. Identify active voice:
Q103. Passive form of:
"They had completed the project before the deadline."
Q104. Convert to passive:
"The gardener waters the plants every morning."
Q105. Identify passive voice:
Q106. Convert to passive:
"They are repairing the road."
Q107. Active voice sentence:
Q108. Passive form:
"They have repaired the roads."
Q109. Convert to passive:
"She will write a report."
Q110. Identify active voice:
Q111. Passive form:
"They had built a new house."
Q112. Convert to passive:
"He is painting a beautiful picture."
Q113. Active voice sentence:
Q114. Passive form:
"They are delivering the letters."
Q115. Convert to passive:
"Someone has stolen my bag."
Q116. Identify active voice:
Q117. Passive form:
"The chef is cooking a meal."
Q118. Convert to passive:
"They have delivered the packages."
Q119. Active voice sentence:
Q120. Passive form:
"They are organizing a workshop."
Q121. Convert to passive:
"He has sent the email."
Q122. Identify active voice:
Q123. Passive form:
"They have repaired the roads in the city."
Q124. Convert to passive:
"The police caught the thief yesterday."
Q125. Active voice sentence:
Q126. Convert to passive:
"She paints beautiful landscapes."
Q127. Identify active voice:
Q128. Passive form:
"They had cleaned the room before the guests arrived."
Q129. Convert to passive:
"The gardener waters the plants every morning."
Q130. Identify passive voice:
Q131. Convert to passive:
"They are repairing the machines."
Q132. Active voice sentence:
Q133. Passive form:
"They have repaired the roads in the city."
Q134. Convert to passive:
"She will write a report."
Q135. Identify active voice:
Q136. Passive form:
"They had built a new school."
Q137. Convert to passive:
"He is painting a wall."
Q138. Active voice sentence:
Q139. Passive form:
"They are delivering the parcels."
Q140. Convert to passive:
"Someone has stolen my phone."
Q141. Identify active voice:
Q142. Passive form:
"The chef is cooking a meal."
Q143. Convert to passive:
"They have delivered the letters."
Q144. Active voice sentence:
Q145. Passive form:
"They are organizing a seminar."
Q146. Convert to passive:
"He has sent the invitation."
Q147. Identify active voice:
Q148. Passive form:
"They have repaired the roads in the city."
Q149. Convert to passive:
"The police caught the thief yesterday."
Q150. Active voice sentence:
Q151. Convert to passive:
"She teaches English to the students."
Q152. Identify active voice:
Q153. Passive form of:
"They had completed the assignment before the deadline."
Q154. Convert to passive:
"The gardener waters the plants daily."
Q155. Identify passive voice:
Q156. Convert to passive:
"They are repairing the machines."
Q157. Active voice sentence:
Q158. Passive form:
"They have repaired the computers."
Q159. Convert to passive:
"She will prepare the presentation."
Q160. Identify active voice:
Q161. Passive form:
"They had built a new bridge."
Q162. Convert to passive:
"He is painting the walls."
Q163. Active voice sentence:
Q164. Passive form:
"They are delivering the packages."
Q165. Convert to passive:
"Someone has broken the window."
Q166. Identify active voice:
Q167. Passive form:
"The chef is preparing a special dish."
Q168. Convert to passive:
"They have sent the invitations."
Q169. Active voice sentence:
Q170. Passive form:
"They are organizing a conference."
Q171. Convert to passive:
"He has sent the email."
Q172. Identify active voice:
Q173. Passive form:
"They have repaired the roads in the city."
Q174. Convert to passive:
"The police caught the thief yesterday."
Q175. Active voice sentence:
Q176. Convert to passive: "She explains the lesson clearly."
Q177. Identify active voice:
Q178. Passive form of: "They had repaired the car before the trip."
Q179. Convert to passive: "The gardener trims the bushes every week."
Q180. Identify passive voice:
Q181. Convert to passive: "They are cleaning the classrooms."
Q182. Active voice sentence:
Q183. Passive form: "They have repaired the machines."
Q184. Convert to passive: "She will organize a meeting."
Q185. Identify active voice:
Q186. Passive form: "They had built a new library."
Q187. Convert to passive: "He is painting a mural."
Q188. Active voice sentence:
Q189. Passive form: "They are delivering the gifts."
Q190. Convert to passive: "Someone has damaged the car."
Q191. Identify active voice:
Q192. Passive form: "The chef is preparing dinner."
Q193. Convert to passive: "They have sent the reports."
Q194. Active voice sentence: "The team completed the survey"
Q195. Passive form: "They are organizing a workshop."
Q196. Convert to passive: "He has sent the invitation."
Q197. Identify active voice: "The cake was baked by Mary"
Q198. Passive form: "They have repaired the roads in the city."
Q199. Convert to passive: "The police caught the thief yesterday."
Q200. Active voice sentence: